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Problem 34

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Create Date:
Publish Date:
Update Date:
2023-11-06 21:24
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Emacs 29.2 (Org mode 9.6.15)
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This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

gi

1. Problem

Digit Factorials

145 is a curious number, as 1! + 4! + 5! = 1 + 24 + 120 = 145.

Find the sum of all numbers which are equal to the sum of the factorial of their digits.

Note: As 1! = 1 and 2! = 2 are not sums they are not included.

数字阶乘和

145 是个有趣的数,因为 1! + 4! + 5! = 1 + 24 + 120 = 145。

找出所有各位数字的阶乘和等于其本身的数,并求它们的和。

注意:因为 1! = 1 和 2! = 2 不是和的形式,所以它们并不在讨论范围内。

2. Solution

9 的阶乘为 362880,假设数字的位数为 n,那么可由 \(n \cdot 9! \gt 10^n - 1\) 来确定 n 的范围。易知当 n 约为 5.2 时指数函数的导数大于 9!,即 \(ln10 \cdot 10^n > 9!\)。我们只需要找到 n 在大于等于 6 时使得第一个不等式不成立即可。

\[6 \cdot 9! = 2177280 \gt 999999\]

\[7 \cdot 9! = 2540160 \lt 9999999\]

因此,满足题目要求的数必小于 9999999,也就是说最大只能是 7 位数。

(defun eu34-getfac (n)
  (let ((digls))
    (while (/= n 0)
      (push (% n 10) digls)
      (setq n (/ n 10)))
    (cl-reduce
     '+
     (mapcar (lambda (n)
	       (let ((res 1))
		 (while (/= n 0)
		   (setq res (* res n))
		   (cl-decf n))
		 res))
	     digls))))
(let ((res))
  (cl-loop
   for i from 3 to 9999999
   do (when (= i (eu34-getfac i))
	(push i res)))
  res)
=> (40585 145)

(+ 40585 145) => 40730

由于本题只涉及到 1 到 9 阶乘的运算,上面的代码还可以稍作改进:

(defun eu34-getfac-2 (n)
  (let ((fv [1 1 2 6 24 120 720 5040 40320 362880 3628800])
	(res 0))
    (while (/= n 0)
      (cl-incf res (aref fv (% n 10)))
      (setq n (/ n 10)))
    res))

(let ((res))
  (cl-loop
   for i from 3 to 9999999
   do (when (= i (eu34-getfac-2 i))
	(push i res)))
  res)
=> (40585 145)

当然正如答案可见,不超过五位数,也许还能进行进一步的分析。